Health Care Finance And Cost Containment Example

Health Care Finance And Cost Containment Example Health Care Finance And Cost Containment – Coursework Example Health Care Finance and Cost Containment Determine how financial ratios determine financial health of an organization. One of thehighest costs that health care facilities incur is acquisition of high tech equipment. Therefore, asset management ratios can be beneficial in helping the managers assess how much they accrue from their acquired asset. Secondly, the other important ratio in health care is cash flow indicators. This can be helpful in helping the managers identify how much cash is being collected over a certain period as compared to the uncollected profits. The third is important ratio is the profitability ratio, which gives the managers an overview of the general health of the organization (Rapoport, 2008). The higher the gross margin of the organization, the more it can make profits as compared to the costs it incurs. Lastly, there are the debt ratios. Most banks use this ratio in order to analyse whether a company will be capable of paying pay its loans in the future. If t he debt ratio is low, the health care facility is more likely to be able to get low interest rates on long-term financing. 2. Strategies for inventory control and cost reduction in healthcareSome of the strategies that health care facilities can use for inventory control and cost reduction in healthcare include benchmarking, invest in inventory control staff, establish a vendor scorecard, invest in systems and ensuring that the day’s work is cleared in the same day. Benchmarking will help in understanding what other competing health care facilities are doing and whether it is working or not. The inventory control staff will help ensure that that the health care does not suffer any loss that may be because of oversight and incompetence (Rapoport, 2008). The vendor scorecard will help in evaluating the supplies and ascertaining whether there is a need to change them or not. Lastly, ensuring that all data within the organization is done away with and compiled on a daily basis re duces the bulk. The benefits that accrue to the health care facility are that it ensures that all vendors abide by their contracts and that the investments are protected and effectively managed. ReferenceRapoport, J., Jacobs, P., & Jonsson, E. (2008). Cost Containment and Efficiency in National Health Systems: A Global Comparison. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

Judy Garland Biography and Profile

Judy Garland Biography and Profile Judy Garland ( June 10, 1922 - June 22, 1969 ) was a singer and actress who gained nearly equal acclaim in both fields. She was the first solo woman to win a Grammy Award for Album of the Year, and the American Film Institute named her one of the 10 greatest female stars of American cinema. Early Years Judy Garland was born Frances Ethel Gumm in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Her parents were vaudeville performers, and soon Frances joined her older sisters Mary Jane and Dorothy to become the singing and dancing act the Gumm Sisters. The details remain murky, but around 1934, the Gumm Sisters, in search of a more appealing name, became the Garland Sisters. Soon after, Frances officially changed her name to Judy. The Garland Sisters group broke up in 1935 when Suzanne, the oldest of the sisters, married musician, Lee Kahn. Later in 1935, Judy was signed to a contract with film company MGM without the usual screen test. However, the studio was not sure how to promote the 13-year-old Garland; she was older than the usual child star but still too young for adult parts. After a few unsuccessful projects, her breakthrough moment came when she was paired with Mickey Rooney in the 1938  film Love Finds Andy Hardy. Personal Life Judy Garlands turbulent personal life was marked by several instances of heartbreak. When Judy Garland was 13 years old, her 49-year-old father succumbed to meningitis, leaving her emotionally devastated. Years later, her first adult love, bandleader Artie Shaw, eloped with actress Lana Turner leaving Garland crushed. She received an engagement ring on her 18th birthday from musician David Rose who was at the time still married to actress Martha Raye. After the divorce, Judy and David were briefly married. Just three years later, in 1944, the marriage ended.   Following an affair with legendary director Orson Welles, while he was married to actress Rita Hayworth, Judy Garland married director Vicente Minnelli in June 1945. They had one daughter, singer and actress Liza Minnelli. By 1951 they were divorced. During the late 1940s, Garland was hospitalized following a nervous breakdown, underwent electroshock therapy to treat depression, and began to have serious problems with alcohol addiction. During June 1952, Judy Garland married her tour manager and producer Sid Luft. They had two children, singer and actress Lorna Luft and Joey Luft. They divorced in 1965. In November 1965, Garland married tour promoter, Mark Herron. They were divorced in February 1969, and she married her fifth and final husband Mickey Deans in March. In 1959, Judy Garland was diagnosed with acute hepatitis, and she informed doctors that she was unlikely to have more than five years to live. She said she would likely never sing again and remembered feeling relief at the diagnosis because it reduced much of the pressure in her life. However, she recovered over a period of several months and began performing concerts again.   Film Career Following her success in a series of films with Mickey Rooney, the teenage Judy Garland was cast in the lead role of 1939s The Wizard of Oz. In the movie, she sang what became identified as her signature song Over the Rainbow. It was a critical success and Garland earned a special Juvenile Academy Award for her performance in both The Wizard of Oz and Babes In Arms with Mickey Rooney. Judy Garland starred in three of her most successful films in the 1940s. In 1944s Meet Me In St. Louis she sang The Trolley Song and the holiday classic Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas. For 1948s The Easter Parade, she teamed with legendary dancer and actor Fred Astaire. She starred in 1949s In the Good Old Summertime with Van Johnson. It was one of her biggest box-office successes and featured the movie debut of Judy Garlands three-year-old daughter Liza Minnelli. By 1950, Judy Garland earned a reputation for being difficult while filming new projects. She was accused of showing a lack of effort while drugs and alcohol also interfered with appearing on time for shoots. In 1954, Garland made a celebrated comeback in the second film version of A Star Is Born. Her performance earned accolades from critics and audiences alike, and she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. In 1961 she earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in Judgment at Nuremberg, but her days as a top Hollywood actress were over. Music Career The last two decades of Judy Garlands life were dominated by her success as a singer in concerts, TV shows, and on record. In 1951, she launched a highly successful tour of Great Britain and Ireland performing for sold-out audiences. The songs of vaudeville legend Al Jolson were a centerpiece of her concerts. During the tour, Garland experienced a rebirth as a performer. In 1956, she became the highest-paid entertainer yet in Las Vegas earning $55,000 a week for a four-week engagement. Judy Garlands first appearance on a TV special took place in 1955 on the Ford Star Jubilee. It was CBS first full-scale color broadcast and was a received stellar ratings. Following three successful TV specials in 1962 and 1963, Garland was given her own weekly series,  The Judy Garland Show. Although it was canceled after only one season, The Judy Garland Show earned four Emmy Award nominations including for Best Variety Series. On April 23, 1961, Judy Garland performed a concert at Carnegie Hall that many consider the highlight of her live performance career. A double album of the show spent 13 weeks at number one on the album chart and earned a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. After her TV series ended in 1964, Garland returned to the concert stage. She performed live at the London Palladium in November 1964 with her 18-year-old daughter, Liza Minnelli. A 1964 Australian tour turned disastrous when Garland was late to take the stage and accused of being drunk. Judy Garlands final concert appearance took place in Copenhagen, Denmark in March 1969, three months before her death. Death On June 22, 1969, Judy Garland was found dead in the bathroom of a rented house in London, England. The coroner determined the cause to be an overdose of barbiturates. He indicated the death was accidental, and there was no evidence of suicidal intent. Garlands The Wizard of Oz co-star Ray Bolger said at her funeral, She just plain wore out. Although initially interred at a cemetery in upstate New York, in 2017, at the request of Judy Garlands children, her remains were transferred to the Hollywood Forever cemetery in Los Angeles, California. Legacy Judy Garlands reputation as one of the greatest entertainers of all time remains strong. More than two dozen biographies have been written about her since her death, and she was listed by the American Film Institute at #8 among all-time greatest female movie stars. The American Film Institute also listed her performance of Over the Rainbow as the top movie song of all time. Four more, Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas, Get Happy, The Trolley Song, and The Man That Got Away are listed in the top 100. Garland received a posthumous Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award in 1997. She has been featured twice on U.S. postage stamps. Judy Garland is also considered to be a gay community icon. There are differing reasons offered for that status, but the most common include identification with her personal struggles and her relationship to camp culture. In the late 1960s, news accounts of Garlands nightclub performances disparagingly commented on homosexual men being a disproportionately large part of the audience. Many also credit Over the Rainbow as being an inspiration for the gay communitys ubiquitous rainbow flag.

Article response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response - Article Example But the interesting part is that China responded coldly for all this complaints against them. The Chinese spokesperson Liu Weimin who is a representative of China’s foreign ministry stated that the compromise is a needed element in the trade between two nations. After that Chinese commerce ministry announced that China will handle the situation in align with procedures and rules of W.T.O. The author comments that the primary activity in W.T.O consultation is the bilateral consultation which always fails. And the case is later settled down by trade experts. Here the author is altogether attempting to project on the cold shoulder attitude of Chinese government .China is also not giving a chance to Obama to win the presidential election on the basis of free trade dispute. â€Å"China is trying to avoid making trade issues a big theme of the American presidential election campaign†. Here neither the Chinese government nor the Chinese people are bothered about the complaint of U.S. against the increase in the vehicle tariff Bradsher, K. (2012). China Yawns as U.S. Complains About Auto Tariffs. In nytimes. Retrieved July 7, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/07/business/global/china-response-mild-to-us-trade-complaint-on-cars.html?_r=2&ref=internationaltradeandw

Analyzing the Ramayana Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing the Ramayana - Term Paper Example King Janak makes a resolution whoever has the ability to bend the bow will marry Sita. The King says this while he is quite aware that no ordinary man can achieve that. Rama together with his brother’s journey to King Janak’s court and are offered the opportunity to bend the bow. Rama finds it quite easy to bend the bow and his strength is so massive that the weapon snaps. King Janak agrees to offer Sita to Rama as his bride and also to offer his brothers noble bride from his kingdom. Therefore, Sita turns out to be Rama’s wife and Lakshman marries Sita’s sister Urmila. Sita’s cousins, Sruta-kriti and Mandavi turn out to be the wives of Satrughna and Bharat. Dasa-radha in fear of rivavry among his children, decided to send Satrughna and Bharat to live with their mother. Years later, King Dasa-ratha proposes that Rama ought to become regent. The majority of the people in the council and the kingdom are excited of this idea and plan to invest for Rama to attain the konsala throne. However, the maid to Queen Kaikeyi is not happy with the idea and suggests that that Kaikeyi’s son ought to become regent. She man ages to convince Dasa-ratha to send Rama into exile and make Bharta regent. Rama is forced to exile and tells his wife that he will fulfill his father’s word (Sadan, 232). Ramayan is a romanticized myth that is destined to plea to human’s better nature. Ramayan is prevalent with a number of characters who behave contrary and plainly to the nature of humans such that they become unreasonable. The first seen is when Dasratha murders Shravana. Shravana, who is a submissive son, decides on carrying his sick and sightless parents on his shoulders while he walks. The four heavenly locations of pilgrimage create a diamond and the four sides comprise of more than four thousand miles. At a tempo of fifteen miles each day, without passing any jungles and no paves roads with resting period, this voyage was likely

The Coal War, by upton sinclair :: essays research papers

THE COAL WAR Book 1, The Social Chasm By: Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair wrote The Coal War in 1976 being published by Colorado Associated University Press. Book One; "The Social Chasm," contained 69 pages while the entirety of The Coal War had 399 pages with two other Books. "The Social Chasm" was easy to follow and had an intriguing beginning. The Coal War portrays many situations common to the people of the coal fields and those making an effort to improve its conditions. This sequential story takes place in Western City and Harrigan College, where Hal attends. Through Hal, the main character of Upton Sinclair's story, Sinclair reveals his optimism as Hal's determination to fight the coal and mine laborers. The idea of Hal working alone to see that the fields and mines improve shows a general optimistic view. The Social Chasm tells of the hole that has been dug between the social classes. Hal, a wealthy man that has come from a prosperous and classy family, has heard of the cruelty and chaos that has been taking place at the coal camps in North Valley. Hearing stories of corruption, beatings, and even murders, Hal is convinced that the laborers' treatment be acknowledged and somehow improved. All of Hal's family and friends and even his fiancà ©e, Jessie Arthur, think his troubles and efforts are nothing more than stirring up controversy and disorder. Hal's first plan to expose the North Valley mistreatment was to use a poor boy that had lived in the coal camps and knew of its harm and neglect, named Little Jerry. His father, Jerry, had been beaten by guards who had found out he was a union leader, and was left to die. He recovered eventually, but incidents such as these were common in the camps and Hal was going to make sure that Little Jerry told everyone who could stop such treat ment, particularly those attending the Arthur party. The boy, however, just aroused sympathy and compassion from the higher classed people. He was just an unfortunate boy whom Santa Clause had not visited, and so the classy people filled his stomach with food, his hands with toys, and his eyes with glorious sites as he was given a tour of the Arthur estate. Now, having the actual crimes exposed, Hal wished to see the number of people who wanted to help him in his efforts to improve the camps and fields increase.

How do the first five minutes of “Shane” and “Bram Stoker’s Dracula” establish genre and narrative?

A genre is a specific form of media commodity. It has characteristic qualities that are familiar to audiences because the same method is applied repeatedly. A genre functions like a language and is used by film producers to ensure an audience can identify and predict what is likely to happen. Genres can offer comforting reassurance in an uncomfortable situation; the conventions are recognisable usually through iconography, familiar narrative, mise-en-scene, actors and style of representation. These sets of conventions are constantly renegotiated between industry and audience. Genre can also be a way of working through important myths and fear by the use of repetition, variation and resolution and can be thought of as â€Å"tidying up† the mess of life. Narrative involves a basic structure (beginning, middle and end) and a basic decision on the genre of story being told. It can imply the use of various codes to create or to reveal a character, to generate suspense, to provide setting and to further the plot. Through narrative we become aware of the fact that each genre contains certain common elements but have different characteristics. They might be told in different ways, styles, or from different points of view. It is important to know and understand the difference between narrative and story. A story is a sequence of events known correctly as the plot and narrative is the way in which those events are put together so they can be presented to an audience. Narratives involve the following; Technical codes, Verbal codes, Symbolic codes, Structure, Characters and conflict. Twentieth Century theorist Claude Levi Strauss suggested that all narratives had to be driven forward by conflict that was caused by a series of opposing forces. He called this the theory of Binary opposition, and it is used to describe how each main force in a narrative has its equal and opposite. Some examples of these opposing forces are as follows: good/evil, light/dark, right/wrong and poverty/wealth. He believed that if this strategy was used, a balance or resolution could be achieved. Narratives, in short, have to be about change, disturbance and disorder. Commonly narratives will feature the following structure: Establishing a problem, Elaboration of the problem and resolution of the problem. The nature of the problem and how it will be resolved depends on the genre or form of the narrative, whether it involves solving the mystery, punishing the wrongdoer or obtaining the desired object or person. This brings me to the opening sequence, which can be the most important moment in a film. This is because they are the first images the audience sees when the lights go down. These quick segments form a contract outlining the filmmaker's intentions and setting up the expectations of those watching. The opening sequence can be the most action-packed part of a film; it creates suspense and gets the audience asking questions. This is what the director aims to achieve, by getting the audience to unconsciously ask questions he has gained their attention for the remainder of the film. This can also be a chance to give the audience a taster of what's to come by introducing characters and setting up themes. The audience will now be aware of the genre they are going to watch. The Western genre is widely popular with audiences around the world simply because its an easy genre to recognise, we know that westerns are fictional. They are set in west America and are centred on a particular period of American history, the years between 1865 and 1890. â€Å"The Great Train Robbery† is a 1903 Western film. The film is only ten minutes long, but is a high point in filmmaking and is considered the first American western to tell a fictional story. The film used a number of innovative techniques, these included parallel editing, camera movement and location shooting. The film also employed the first pan shots; almost every shot was a static long shot confining the action to the perspective of the camera at eye level. The plot was inspired by a true event that occurred on August 29, 1900, when four members of George Leroy Parker's ‘Hole in the Wall' gang halted the No. 3 train on the Union Pacific Railroad tracks toward Table Rock, Wyoming. The bandits forced the conductor to uncouple the passenger cars from the rest of the train and then blew up the safe in the mail car to escape with about $5,000 in cash. This can be related back to the western genre because it includes the villain; hero and the general setting you would expect to see a Western film in it is relevant because it tells a fictional story this is what Westerns should do. Directed by George Stevens the film Shane was made in 1953, the idea for the film was taken from a novel written by Jack Schaefer. Jack Schaefer was an American journalist, whose best-known novel Shane (1949) has been considered the ultimate achievement in creating a mythical western hero with a shady past. The story followed the pattern of a classical Greek tragedy, in which there is no escape from fate. As a writer Schaefer made his breakthrough with Shane (1949), a tale of a gunman's involvement with a homesteading family in Wyoming. Schaefer had never been west of Cleveland, but his vision of the West was so clear-cut, that his novel Shane was awarded the best western novel ever written in 1985. Alan Ladd who was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas plays Shane. Other main characters include Jean Arthur who plays Marion Starett, Van Heflin who plays Joe Starett and Brandon De Wilde who plays Joey. The titles are old fashioned and are in traditional techni colour. â€Å"George Stevens a production of Shane† appears on screen shortly followed by â€Å"Shane† in a deep red/orange colour. This is typical of the period of 1953 in which these orange colours were fashionable. The music used to accompany these opening titles is strong with a joyful feeling. The opening camera shots reinforce what we have just seen and set up the genre. The first thing we are drawn to is the large open spaces, we are looking out across the plain, deserted area, in the background there are large mountains, these are surrounded by low lying clouds. The camera then sweeps across; this is when we see more of the area. We become aware of a stag in the water surrounded by bushes. We get a glimpse of small boy who is almost completely hidden by bushes. He is holding a rifle and aiming for the stag. He spots a man on horse back in the distance and looks startled. The music turns from joyful to loud and deep this creates a sense of anticipation and this is what the producer aims to achieve when he accompanies a film by different moods of music. We are already asking questions, who is the man on the horse? , Who is the boy? It then cuts to a man chopping wood with an axe we can hear a woman singing and catch a glimpse of her. She has blonde hair and a soft singing voice; she's wearing a white shirt this makes her look pure and untouched. She is in the kitchen preparing a meal for her husband in generic realism we would expect to find a woman in the kitchen and doing the housework while her husband goes out to work. The man on horseback who we become aware is Shane is wearing a cowboy hat, cream top and beige trousers with brown tassels hanging from them. He is on horseback and around his waist is a belt with miniature horse cartwheels on. The music becomes more mysterious and the scene that follows is full of anticipation as Shane and Joe exchange a few words. Shane produces a gun and the music hits it's highest point as the problem is resolved the gun is put away and a lighter friendlier music appears. So far we have the stereotypical family: a small boy, a mum in the kitchen preparing food for her family and a dad chopping wood for his family. Then there's Shane who fills our ideology. He comes in to disturb this peaceful family but turns out not to be a threat. So what are we missing? The villains. These come in the form of the Ryker brothers. The Rykers and their posse of gun-toting ruffians ride by and threaten to run Starrett off his farm. The Rykers, are ruthless businessmen, and have been trying to rid the valley of homesteaders so they can expand their ranch. After witnessing this brutality, Shane decides to stay on and help out at the ranch. Provoked by Ryker's boys, Shane joins the homesteader's fight, facing off with a hired gunslinger to make the valley safe for civilized folks like the Starretts. While helping Shane falls in love with the wife but he keeps his distance out of respect for the husband. This brings me to Bram Stoker's Dracula. This is a film, which is true to the original text rather than the hammer house style; the belief in Christianity is under question and the film is centred on Dracula's relationship with life and after life. A narrator introduces Dracula this strange and mysterious figure employs us to sympathise with him. We see him as a person whose anguish has affected his bond with eternity. Dracula represents an apparition of what may happen to us if we happened to be in the same situation as him. In the opening scene the background is drenched in red and we see the battle of two opposing forces, good and evil. There are close shots of the building and the red skies in the heavens above gives it a threatening look. The titles do not appear until after the opening sequence, this is because Coppola wants to give the responsibility to the audience as to why they believe Dracula is a horror villain rather then a monster. The music is slow and deep in tone to create atmosphere and suspense; it changes in volume when people begin to talk. There is never silence, the constant tapping in the background is almost like screaming. When we finally meet Dracula he is covered in orange armour, the rigid lines on his armour flow horizontally and give him a look of strength. He has long brown hair and a large moustache. He looks angry and screams before he drinks the blood from the goblet. Elizabetta couldn't be more different, she also has brown hair but is wearing a long flowing dress, her pale white skin against the red of the blood is a strong contrast, she looks innocent. The gold surrounding them gives the place a look of importance, which can also be reflected into the clothing. The story continues with Dracula believing he is an agent of god: â€Å"Praise god I am victorious† As things progress his wife receives a false message of his death this results in her taking her own life. On hearing about this Dracula is grief stricken; he turns against god because she is in hell and stabs the cross, blood fills the room and Dracula drinks the blood in a parody of holy communion. This opening scene addresses the audience's knowledge of the use of conventions. Coppola knows that the audience will have encountered Dracula in many other forms before and plays on this. The story is told from Dracula's point of view. Similar to Shane there are Binary opposites and the themes of the genre are noticeable through mise-en-scene and iconography. There are candles and crucifixes, tall windows and dark colours. Again the audience are asking questions even though they will have had some knowledge of Dracula before. In conclusion we now know that the purpose of an opening sequence is to allow the audience to establish the genre and set the foundations for the remainder of the film. We know that to do this you can use generic texts; this will allow the audience to predict what is likely to happen, although this may seem boring it actually does have some advantages it allows the audience to feel comfortable with the following events that will take place. I have found that generic texts are easier to watch because of this. The opening of both texts were slightly different, in Dracula the titles were not shown until the end of the opening sequence I found this more exciting because it gives the audience more of a chance to question what is going on. They were very similar in the ways they established themselves as generic texts though. They used similar techniques but fitted it to a different genre. Both films were enjoyable to watch because they followed a plan and had binary opposition.

Critical Thinking The Ability to Think for Ones Self Essay

Critical thinkers have the ability to think on a higher level. A process for thinking critically is required that will bring about decisions and ideas that will provide for a better life for ourselves and those around us. Most of us take thinking for granted. However, we develop as critical thinkers when we open ourselves to recognizing the strengths and weakness’ of our own thinking. Higher order thinking comes into play when choosing a presidential candidate, or sitting on a jury for a murder trial, or deciding if we need nuclear power plants, or when determining the effects of global warming. As a critical thinker, one becomes a more responsible, contributing member of society. (Schafersman, S.D., 1991). To put us on the road to†¦show more content†¦To have intellectual humility requires us to first recognize our own ignorance. This is not to say that we are stupid, but that we lack â€Å"†¦intellectual arrogance, pretentiousness, boastfulness, or conceitâ₠¬  (Paul Elder, 2006, pg. 10). Recognizing that we are ignorant about a subject lets us see â€Å"†¦the prejudices, false beliefs, and habits of mind that lead to flawed learning† (Paul Elder, 2006, pg. 11). We cannot be fair-minded about a subject we do not know. This brings us to Intellectual courage. Intellectual courage will require looking past popular beliefs of society and this will include one’s own closely held beliefs and ideas. We cannot allow ourselves to feel threatened by ideas that conflict with our own identity. When intellectual courage has been acquired, a person can move past the fear of rejection from their peers. Critical thinkers do not identify themselves by their own belief. Instead, a critical thinker will use the process to form a belief. This allows for fair mindedness. After all, it is truth of a matter that we seek. Another trait of fair mindedness is intellectual empathy. When we demonstrate empathy, we are putting ourselves in the position of another person and seeing things through their viewpoints and reasoning. It is not possible to be a fair minded thinker if we do not try to understand another’s thinking. â€Å"If we do not learn how to take on others’ perspectives and to accurately think as they think, we will not beShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking1715 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL: HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT: TOURISM UNIT CODE: UCU 103 UNIT TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING GROUP MEMBERS NAMES: REG.NO. CONTACTS SIGN GEOFFREY A.G T12S/8705/2013 0728812037 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. PETER WAMBUI T12S/19590/2013 0726581625 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ROSE WACHIRA T12S/21534/2013 0717236599 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... NASSIUMA PURITY T12S/21394/2013 0702057789 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 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